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JIM RICHARDSON

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  • Farmer Chala Chaka harvesting teff, the typically Ethiopian grain, near Bato Chrecha in Southern Ethiopia. (Also got Bacho Vioreda as a location.)<br />
<br />
He is using a sickle to harvest the grain by hand, cutting the stalks and then piling it behind him in bundles, which will then be gathered into piles in the fields so that the grain can dry properly. <br />
<br />
The sickle is called a machd. He thinks he will harvest abotu 500 Kg from is half hectare field. <br />
<br />
His wife is bringing him the typical local beer made from grain.
    MM7753_20101028_39917.jpg
  • The market in Bati is incredibly large, diverse and crowded, being the place where people from the lowlands and highlands of northern Ethiopia meet to exchange their crops, livestock and wares. Something like 20,000 people show up at the Monday market every week. <br />
<br />
Grain is an extremely important commodity, including the all important teff for making injera. Farmers and sellers lay their grain out in bags and piles on plastic sheeting on the ground, and measure it out with tin cans. <br />
<br />
The cattle and camel market is equally large, with pastoral herders from the lowlands, many of them Afar people, coming to sell their livestock to the highland people. The market takes place in one big corral, with buyers and sellers squeezed in amongst the animals.
    MM7753_20101101_44552.jpg
  • The market in Bati is incredibly large, diverse and crowded, being the place where people from the lowlands and highlands of northern Ethiopia meet to exchange their crops, livestock and wares. Something like 20,000 people show up at the Monday market every week. <br />
<br />
Grain is an extremely important commodity, including the all important teff for making injera. Farmers and sellers lay their grain out in bags and piles on plastic sheeting on the ground, and measure it out with tin cans. <br />
<br />
The cattle and camel market is equally large, with pastoral herders from the lowlands, many of them Afar people, coming to sell their livestock to the highland people. The market takes place in one big corral, with buyers and sellers squeezed in amongst the animals.
    MM7753_20101101_44576.jpg
  • The market in Bati is incredibly large, diverse and crowded, being the place where people from the lowlands and highlands of northern Ethiopia meet to exchange their crops, livestock and wares. Something like 20,000 people show up at the Monday market every week. <br />
<br />
Grain is an extremely important commodity, including the all important teff for making injera. Farmers and sellers lay their grain out in bags and piles on plastic sheeting on the ground, and measure it out with tin cans. <br />
<br />
The cattle and camel market is equally large, with pastoral herders from the lowlands, many of them Afar people, coming to sell their livestock to the highland people. The market takes place in one big corral, with buyers and sellers squeezed in amongst the animals.
    MM7753_20101101_44576-Edit.jpg
  • Harvesting and stack oats on the farm of Melaku Yifku in the Seriti Village of the Chacha district north of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<br />
<br />
Workers are cutting the oats by hand with sickles, and pile them behind them as they move up the field, singing as they go. Then the bundles are hauled to the stacks where a man on top arranges them so that the grain heads are to the inside of the stack so they will dry and be protected from rain before being threshed. The man on the top of the stack is Nigussu Kissaye.<br />
<br />
Horses are grazing on the new cropped oat ground, foraging for leftover grain and straw.<br />
<br />
In the distant valley are other villages in their typical hilltop positions.
    MM7753_20101103_47348.jpg
  • Grain elevator in Hutchinson, Kansas
    Scans 20060918 0109.jpg
  • Testing for Ug99 wheat stem rust in the field station at Asella, Ethiopia.<br />
<br />
Kulumsa Research Centre, P. O. Box 489, Asella, Ethiopia  Wheat being tested for Ug99 wheat stem rust and other rust diseases at the Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center in Asela, Ethiopia. <br />
<br />
Ug99 is devastating to wheat, leaving the heads with nothing but small, shriveled grain in the otherwise normal looking heads. It was discovered first in Uganda in 1999 and has since been moving east, having recently been found in Yemen.<br />
<br />
The rust is seen as red patches along the stem of the wheat, hence the name.  <br />
<br />
KULUMSA AGRICUTURAL RESEARCH CENTER (KARC) is about 167 km southeast of Addis Ababa. It is located in the Oromiya Regional State in the northeast periphery of the town of Asela, Arsi Zone.
    MM7753_20101029_41501.jpg
  • Local wheat varieties in test plants at the Ejere Farming Community Seed Bank in Ejere, Ethiopia. It was built by Ethio Organic Seed Action to help farmers regain traditional local varieties of grain that are better adapted to their location. Seed bank members donate seeds and in turn get seeds from the seed bank. Regassa Feyissa with EOSA is one of the founders and promoters of the seed bank and helps the local farmers. <br />
<br />
The big variety of wheat varieties are important to maintaining biodiversity in the crop and because of how different varieties respond to varying climate and weather patterns from year to year. <br />
<br />
Farmers seen in the seed bank with Regassa include Taddesse Retta, chair of the Farmer Conservator Association and Eshetu Badada, the treasurer.
    MM7753_20101030_42091.jpg
  • Storing grain on a street in rural Nebraska
    Scan-110216-0001.jpg
  • Tayitis Mohammed mixes injera out of teff flower and water in her house in Fontanina near Kombulcha in the Wollo region of the Ethiopian highlands. Injera is the staple bread of Ethiopia, which makes teff a valuable grain. Smoke from the kitchen fire made the rays of the setting sun show up brightly in the dark cookng area to the side of the main room of the stick and clay built house. The walls of the house are caulked with teff straw as well.<br />
<br />
The injera batter, a bit runny like pancake batter, is then transfer to the bucket last used to "ferment" the injera for a couple of days, picking up the residual yeasts in the bucket and providing leavening to the bread.
    MM7753_20101102_46771.jpg
  • Testing for Ug99 wheat stem rust in the field station at Asella, Ethiopia.<br />
<br />
Kulumsa Research Centre, P. O. Box 489, Asella, Ethiopia  Wheat being tested for Ug99 wheat stem rust and other rust diseases at the Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center in Asela, Ethiopia. <br />
<br />
Ug99 is devastating to wheat, leaving the heads with nothing but small, shriveled grain in the otherwise normal looking heads. It was discovered first in Uganda in 1999 and has since been moving east, having recently been found in Yemen.<br />
<br />
The rust is seen as red patches along the stem of the wheat, hence the name.  <br />
<br />
KULUMSA AGRICUTURAL RESEARCH CENTER (KARC) is about 167 km southeast of Addis Ababa. It is located in the Oromiya Regional State in the northeast periphery of the town of Asela, Arsi Zone.
    MM7753_20101029_41771.jpg
  • Testing for Ug99 wheat stem rust in the field station at Asella, Ethiopia.<br />
<br />
Kulumsa Research Centre, P. O. Box 489, Asella, Ethiopia  Wheat being tested for Ug99 wheat stem rust and other rust diseases at the Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center in Asela, Ethiopia. <br />
<br />
Ug99 is devastating to wheat, leaving the heads with nothing but small, shriveled grain in the otherwise normal looking heads. It was discovered first in Uganda in 1999 and has since been moving east, having recently been found in Yemen.<br />
<br />
The rust is seen as red patches along the stem of the wheat, hence the name.  <br />
<br />
KULUMSA AGRICUTURAL RESEARCH CENTER (KARC) is about 167 km southeast of Addis Ababa. It is located in the Oromiya Regional State in the northeast periphery of the town of Asela, Arsi Zone.
    MM7753_20101029_41771.jpg
  • Testing for Ug99 wheat stem rust in the field station at Asella, Ethiopia.<br />
<br />
Kulumsa Research Centre, P. O. Box 489, Asella, Ethiopia  Wheat being tested for Ug99 wheat stem rust and other rust diseases at the Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center in Asela, Ethiopia. <br />
<br />
Ug99 is devastating to wheat, leaving the heads with nothing but small, shriveled grain in the otherwise normal looking heads. It was discovered first in Uganda in 1999 and has since been moving east, having recently been found in Yemen.<br />
<br />
The rust is seen as red patches along the stem of the wheat, hence the name.  <br />
<br />
KULUMSA AGRICUTURAL RESEARCH CENTER (KARC) is about 167 km southeast of Addis Ababa. It is located in the Oromiya Regional State in the northeast periphery of the town of Asela, Arsi Zone.
    MM7753_20101029_41501.jpg
  • Malted barley being prepared to dry at Highland Park distillery in Scotland. The grain has been soaked in water and allowed to sit until the seeds are just ready to sprout, then transferred to this tower where heat will be used to dry it out.
    SC-0039 Highland Park Grai.jpg
  • Malting floor, Laphroaig Distillery, Islay, Scotland
    ScotlandBurns 20090128 8142.jpg
  • Drying barley that has been malted at Highland Park distillery, Orkney, Scotland.
    Orkney Malt.jpg
  • Megate Worku and his brother Gizehany Worku winnowning barley in the wind near Dalota village in Ethiopia. <br />
<br />
Barley is widely grown in this area of Ethiopia north of Addis Ababa.
    MM7753_20101031_43086.jpg
  • Carey Fowler at the "Doomsday" seed bank in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway.  Dug into the frozen mountainside above the town, the seedbank is a last chance repository for millions of seeds, that could be used to restore agriculture should a disaster wipe out many of the plants we depend upon for food.
    MM7753_20100311_0524.jpg
  • Boys eat sorghum stalks put out for the cattle at the house of Jamal Muhammed in the Fontanina area south of Kombulcha, Ethiopia.<br />
<br />
Sorghum is a staple food for people and livestock alike here and the boys like it for the same reason the cows do: it is sweet to chew. Sorghum varieties with tall stalks are favored for the amount of forage they produce.
    MM7753_20101102_46310.jpg
  • Hawa Yesuf cooks injera over a traditional oven built for the purpose in her house in the Fontanina area near Kombulcha, Ethiopia. <br />
<br />
Injera is a yeast-risen flat bread with a unique, slightly spongy texture. It is traditionally made out of teff flour. It is traditionally eaten in Ethiopia and Eritrea. The batter is usually mixed several days in advance and allowed to "ferment", using the residual yeasts in the storage bucket to add leavening. <br />
<br />
Cooking is fast, with the batter being poured on in a circular motion from the outside spiraling inwards. The a cover is put over it allowing the rising steam to contribute to the cooking. In only a couple of minutes the bread is done and gently slid onto a mat to transfer to a basket for cooling. Many of the injera are cooked at one time and stored for several days consumption. <br />
<br />
Stews, spices, meats and vegetables are served on the injera, which serves to absorb the juices. Pieces are used to pick up the food, so that the injera serves as untensil, and tablecloth, all of which is eaten.
    MM7753_20101102_45132.jpg
  • Cary Fowler at the Svalbard Global Seed Bank, also known as the "Doomsday" seed bank, in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway.  Dug into the frozen mountainside above the town, the seedbank is a last chance repository for millions of seeds, that could be used to restore agriculture should a disaster wipe out many of the plants we depend upon for food.
    MM7753_20100312_0825.jpg
  • Drying malted grain at Highland Park Distillery in Kirkwall, Orkney, Scotland.
    SC-0038.jpg
  • Malted grain spread out ready for drying at Highland Park Distillery, Kirkwall, Orkney
    ScotlandScan-090912-0003.jpg
  • Market day in Goro, Ethiopia where women bring grain to sell and farmers bring cattle and other livestock. The cattle market is very busy with sellers and buyers mingling side by side with the animals. <br />
<br />
The grain may be ground into flower or may be used as seed for the next season's crop. They pour the grain to show it off and to further winnow and clean it to make it more valuable. Some were selling corn and chickpeas, but many were selling the typically Ethiopian grain called teff. <br />
<br />
Some choose to sell their grain directly to a broker or middleman rather that sit all afternoon in the hot sun. They can be seen with their bags of grain on a scale, waiting anxiously to see what price they will get for it.
    MM7753_20101028_40661.jpg
  • Market day in Goro, Ethiopia where women bring grain to sell and farmers bring cattle and other livestock. The cattle market is very busy with sellers and buyers mingling side by side with the animals. <br />
<br />
The grain may be ground into flower or may be used as seed for the next season's crop. They pour the grain to show it off and to further winnow and clean it to make it more valuable. Some were selling corn and chickpeas, but many were selling the typically Ethiopian grain called teff. <br />
<br />
Some choose to sell their grain directly to a broker or middleman rather that sit all afternoon in the hot sun. They can be seen with their bags of grain on a scale, waiting anxiously to see what price they will get for it. <br />
<br />
<br />
Contact: Woudyalew Mulatu<br />
ILRI Ethiopia<br />
w.mulatu@cgiar.org<br />
Mobile: +251 911 40 91 89<br />
PO Box 5689<br />
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia<br />
  <br />
Contact: Shirley Tarawali<br />
Theme Director - People, Livestock, and the Evironment<br />
ILRI Ethiopia<br />
s.tarawali@cgiar.org<br />
Tel: +251 11 617 2221<br />
Tel: +251 91 164 5738<br />
PO Box 5689<br />
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101028_40661.jpg
  • Market day in Goro, Ethiopia where women bring grain to sell and farmers bring cattle and other livestock. The cattle market is very busy with sellers and buyers mingling side by side with the animals. <br />
<br />
The grain may be ground into flower or may be used as seed for the next season's crop. They pour the grain to show it off and to further winnow and clean it to make it more valuable. Some were selling corn and chickpeas, but many were selling the typically Ethiopian grain called teff. <br />
<br />
Some choose to sell their grain directly to a broker or middleman rather that sit all afternoon in the hot sun. They can be seen with their bags of grain on a scale, waiting anxiously to see what price they will get for it. <br />
<br />
<br />
Contact: Woudyalew Mulatu<br />
ILRI Ethiopia<br />
w.mulatu@cgiar.org<br />
Mobile: +251 911 40 91 89<br />
PO Box 5689<br />
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia<br />
  <br />
Contact: Shirley Tarawali<br />
Theme Director - People, Livestock, and the Evironment<br />
ILRI Ethiopia<br />
s.tarawali@cgiar.org<br />
Tel: +251 11 617 2221<br />
Tel: +251 91 164 5738<br />
PO Box 5689<br />
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101028_40204.jpg
  • Market day in Goro, Ethiopia where women bring grain to sell and farmers bring cattle and other livestock. The cattle market is very busy with sellers and buyers mingling side by side with the animals. <br />
<br />
The grain may be ground into flower or may be used as seed for the next season's crop. They pour the grain to show it off and to further winnow and clean it to make it more valuable. Some were selling corn and chickpeas, but many were selling the typically Ethiopian grain called teff. <br />
<br />
Some choose to sell their grain directly to a broker or middleman rather that sit all afternoon in the hot sun. They can be seen with their bags of grain on a scale, waiting anxiously to see what price they will get for it.
    MM7753_20101028_40204.jpg
  • Farmer Chala Chaka harvesting teff, the typically Ethiopian grain, near Bato Chrecha in Southern Ethiopia. (Also got Bacho Vioreda as a location.)<br />
<br />
He is using a sickle to harvest the grain by hand, cutting the stalks and then piling it behind him in bundles, which will then be gathered into piles in the fields so that the grain can dry properly. <br />
<br />
The sickle is called a machd. He thinks he will harvest abotu 500 Kg from is half hectare field. <br />
<br />
His wife is bringing him the typical local beer made from grain. <br />
<br />
<br />
Contact: Woudyalew Mulatu<br />
ILRI Ethiopia<br />
w.mulatu@cgiar.org<br />
Mobile: +251 911 40 91 89<br />
PO Box 5689<br />
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101028_39917.jpg
  • Harvesting and stack oats on the farm of Melaku Yifku in the Seriti Village of the Chacha district north of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<br />
<br />
Workers are cutting the oats by hand with sickles, and pile them behind them as they move up the field, singing as they go. Then the bundles are hauled to the stacks where a man on top arranges them so that the grain heads are to the inside of the stack so they will dry and be protected from rain before being threshed. The man on the top of the stack is Nigussu Kissaye.<br />
<br />
Horses are grazing on the new cropped oat ground, foraging for leftover grain and straw.<br />
<br />
In the distant valley are other villages in their typical hilltop positions. <br />
<br />
Contact: Genene Gezu<br />
Program Coordinator<br />
Ethio-Organic Seed Action (EOSA)<br />
Tel: +251 11 550 22 88<br />
Mobile: +251 91 1 79 56 22<br />
genenegezu@yahoo.com<br />
shigenene@gmail.com<br />
PO Box 5512<br />
Addis Aababa, Ethiopia
    Harvest Pan II.jpg
  • Harvesting and stack oats on the farm of Melaku Yifku in the Seriti Village of the Chacha district north of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<br />
<br />
Workers are cutting the oats by hand with sickles, and pile them behind them as they move up the field, singing as they go. Then the bundles are hauled to the stacks where a man on top arranges them so that the grain heads are to the inside of the stack so they will dry and be protected from rain before being threshed. The man on the top of the stack is Nigussu Kissaye.<br />
<br />
Horses are grazing on the new cropped oat ground, foraging for leftover grain and straw.<br />
<br />
In the distant valley are other villages in their typical hilltop positions.
    Harvest Pan II.jpg
  • The market in Bati is incredibly large, diverse and crowded, being the place where people from the lowlands and highlands of northern Ethiopia meet to exchange their crops, livestock and wares. Something like 20,000 people show up at the Monday market every week. <br />
<br />
Grain is an extremely important commodity, including the all important teff for making injera. Farmers and sellers lay their grain out in bags and piles on plastic sheeting on the ground, and measure it out with tin cans. <br />
<br />
The cattle and camel market is equally large, with pastoral herders from the lowlands, many of them Afar people, coming to sell their livestock to the highland people. The market takes place in one big corral, with buyers and sellers squeezed in amongst the animals.
    MM7753_20101101_44552.jpg
  • Harvesting and stack oats on the farm of Melaku Yifku in the Seriti Village of the Chacha district north of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<br />
<br />
Workers are cutting the oats by hand with sickles, and pile them behind them as they move up the field, singing as they go. Then the bundles are hauled to the stacks where a man on top arranges them so that the grain heads are to the inside of the stack so they will dry and be protected from rain before being threshed. The man on the top of the stack is Nigussu Kissaye.<br />
<br />
Horses are grazing on the new cropped oat ground, foraging for leftover grain and straw.<br />
<br />
In the distant valley are other villages in their typical hilltop positions.
    Harvest Pan II.jpg
  • Harvesting and stack oats on the farm of Melaku Yifku in the Seriti Village of the Chacha district north of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<br />
<br />
Workers are cutting the oats by hand with sickles, and pile them behind them as they move up the field, singing as they go. Then the bundles are hauled to the stacks where a man on top arranges them so that the grain heads are to the inside of the stack so they will dry and be protected from rain before being threshed. The man on the top of the stack is Nigussu Kissaye.<br />
<br />
Horses are grazing on the new cropped oat ground, foraging for leftover grain and straw.<br />
<br />
In the distant valley are other villages in their typical hilltop positions. <br />
<br />
Contact: Genene Gezu<br />
Program Coordinator<br />
Ethio-Organic Seed Action (EOSA)<br />
Tel: +251 11 550 22 88<br />
Mobile: +251 91 1 79 56 22<br />
genenegezu@yahoo.com<br />
shigenene@gmail.com<br />
PO Box 5512<br />
Addis Aababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101103_47348.jpg
  • The market in Bati is incredibly large, diverse and crowded, being the place where people from the lowlands and highlands of northern Ethiopia meet to exchange their crops, livestock and wares. Something like 20,000 people show up at the Monday market every week. <br />
<br />
Grain is an extremely important commodity, including the all important teff for making injera. Farmers and sellers lay their grain out in bags and piles on plastic sheeting on the ground, and measure it out with tin cans. <br />
<br />
The cattle and camel market is equally large, with pastoral herders from the lowlands, many of them Afar people, coming to sell their livestock to the highland people. The market takes place in one big corral, with buyers and sellers squeezed in amongst the animals. <br />
<br />
Contact: Genene Gezu<br />
Program Coordinator<br />
Ethio-Organic Seed Action (EOSA)<br />
Tel: +251 11 550 22 88<br />
Mobile: +251 91 1 79 56 22<br />
genenegezu@yahoo.com<br />
shigenene@gmail.com<br />
PO Box 5512<br />
Addis Aababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101101_43924.jpg
  • The market in Bati is incredibly large, diverse and crowded, being the place where people from the lowlands and highlands of northern Ethiopia meet to exchange their crops, livestock and wares. Something like 20,000 people show up at the Monday market every week. <br />
<br />
Grain is an extremely important commodity, including the all important teff for making injera. Farmers and sellers lay their grain out in bags and piles on plastic sheeting on the ground, and measure it out with tin cans. <br />
<br />
The cattle and camel market is equally large, with pastoral herders from the lowlands, many of them Afar people, coming to sell their livestock to the highland people. The market takes place in one big corral, with buyers and sellers squeezed in amongst the animals.
    MM7753_20101101_44576.jpg
  • Harvesting and stack oats on the farm of Melaku Yifku in the Seriti Village of the Chacha district north of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<br />
<br />
Workers are cutting the oats by hand with sickles, and pile them behind them as they move up the field, singing as they go. Then the bundles are hauled to the stacks where a man on top arranges them so that the grain heads are to the inside of the stack so they will dry and be protected from rain before being threshed. The man on the top of the stack is Nigussu Kissaye.<br />
<br />
Horses are grazing on the new cropped oat ground, foraging for leftover grain and straw.<br />
<br />
In the distant valley are other villages in their typical hilltop positions. <br />
<br />
Contact: Genene Gezu<br />
Program Coordinator<br />
Ethio-Organic Seed Action (EOSA)<br />
Tel: +251 11 550 22 88<br />
Mobile: +251 91 1 79 56 22<br />
genenegezu@yahoo.com<br />
shigenene@gmail.com<br />
PO Box 5512<br />
Addis Aababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101103_47348.jpg
  • Threshing and winnowing wheat in Ethiopia. The grain is thrown in the air to let the wind blow away the chaff, letting the grain fall to the ground.
    MM8154_20131106_24350.jpg
  • The market in Bati is incredibly large, diverse and crowded, being the place where people from the lowlands and highlands of northern Ethiopia meet to exchange their crops, livestock and wares. Something like 20,000 people show up at the Monday market every week. <br />
<br />
Grain is an extremely important commodity, including the all important teff for making injera. Farmers and sellers lay their grain out in bags and piles on plastic sheeting on the ground, and measure it out with tin cans. <br />
<br />
The cattle and camel market is equally large, with pastoral herders from the lowlands, many of them Afar people, coming to sell their livestock to the highland people. The market takes place in one big corral, with buyers and sellers squeezed in amongst the animals. <br />
<br />
Contact: Genene Gezu<br />
Program Coordinator<br />
Ethio-Organic Seed Action (EOSA)<br />
Tel: +251 11 550 22 88<br />
Mobile: +251 91 1 79 56 22<br />
genenegezu@yahoo.com<br />
shigenene@gmail.com<br />
PO Box 5512<br />
Addis Aababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101101_44576.jpg
  • The market in Bati is incredibly large, diverse and crowded, being the place where people from the lowlands and highlands of northern Ethiopia meet to exchange their crops, livestock and wares. Something like 20,000 people show up at the Monday market every week. <br />
<br />
Grain is an extremely important commodity, including the all important teff for making injera. Farmers and sellers lay their grain out in bags and piles on plastic sheeting on the ground, and measure it out with tin cans. <br />
<br />
The cattle and camel market is equally large, with pastoral herders from the lowlands, many of them Afar people, coming to sell their livestock to the highland people. The market takes place in one big corral, with buyers and sellers squeezed in amongst the animals. <br />
<br />
Contact: Genene Gezu<br />
Program Coordinator<br />
Ethio-Organic Seed Action (EOSA)<br />
Tel: +251 11 550 22 88<br />
Mobile: +251 91 1 79 56 22<br />
genenegezu@yahoo.com<br />
shigenene@gmail.com<br />
PO Box 5512<br />
Addis Aababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101101_44552.jpg
  • Threshing and winnowing wheat in Ethiopia. The grain is thrown in the air to let the wind blow away the chaff, letting the grain fall to the ground.
    MM8154_20131106_24350 - Version 3.jpg
  • The market in Bati is incredibly large, diverse and crowded, being the place where people from the lowlands and highlands of northern Ethiopia meet to exchange their crops, livestock and wares. Something like 20,000 people show up at the Monday market every week. <br />
<br />
Grain is an extremely important commodity, including the all important teff for making injera. Farmers and sellers lay their grain out in bags and piles on plastic sheeting on the ground, and measure it out with tin cans. <br />
<br />
The cattle and camel market is equally large, with pastoral herders from the lowlands, many of them Afar people, coming to sell their livestock to the highland people. The market takes place in one big corral, with buyers and sellers squeezed in amongst the animals. <br />
<br />
Contact: Genene Gezu<br />
Program Coordinator<br />
Ethio-Organic Seed Action (EOSA)<br />
Tel: +251 11 550 22 88<br />
Mobile: +251 91 1 79 56 22<br />
genenegezu@yahoo.com<br />
shigenene@gmail.com<br />
PO Box 5512<br />
Addis Aababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101101_44576.jpg
  • Harvesting and stack oats on the farm of Melaku Yifku in the Seriti Village of the Chacha district north of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<br />
<br />
Workers are cutting the oats by hand with sickles, and pile them behind them as they move up the field, singing as they go. Then the bundles are hauled to the stacks where a man on top arranges them so that the grain heads are to the inside of the stack so they will dry and be protected from rain before being threshed. The man on the top of the stack is Nigussu Kissaye.<br />
<br />
Horses are grazing on the new cropped oat ground, foraging for leftover grain and straw.<br />
<br />
In the distant valley are other villages in their typical hilltop positions. <br />
<br />
Contact: Genene Gezu<br />
Program Coordinator<br />
Ethio-Organic Seed Action (EOSA)<br />
Tel: +251 11 550 22 88<br />
Mobile: +251 91 1 79 56 22<br />
genenegezu@yahoo.com<br />
shigenene@gmail.com<br />
PO Box 5512<br />
Addis Aababa, Ethiopia
    Harvest Pan II.jpg
  • The market in Bati is incredibly large, diverse and crowded, being the place where people from the lowlands and highlands of northern Ethiopia meet to exchange their crops, livestock and wares. Something like 20,000 people show up at the Monday market every week. <br />
<br />
Grain is an extremely important commodity, including the all important teff for making injera. Farmers and sellers lay their grain out in bags and piles on plastic sheeting on the ground, and measure it out with tin cans. <br />
<br />
The cattle and camel market is equally large, with pastoral herders from the lowlands, many of them Afar people, coming to sell their livestock to the highland people. The market takes place in one big corral, with buyers and sellers squeezed in amongst the animals.
    MM7753_20101101_43924.jpg
  • Spreading malted grain for drying in Highland Park Distillery, Orkney, Scotland
    Orkney-20200505-0053-HDR-Edit.jpg
  • Stacking oats on the farm of Eshete Girma in the central Shewa region of Ethiopia north of Addis Ababa. The oats are being brought in from the fields on donkeys, then stacked with the grain to the inside of the stack so that it will dry and be protected from rain, before it is threshed. <br />
<br />
Building the stacks is actually a quick affair, taking on half an hour or so.  Seen on top of the stack is Eshete's son and farmer Girma Regassa, directing the operations and building he final cap on the stack. <br />
<br />
The oat variety is an old locally adapted variety called Avena Vaviloviana, named after the famed Russion seed saver N.I. Vavilov who traveled this region in the 1920's doing research and collecting seeds. <br />
<br />
Contact: Genene Gezu<br />
Program Coordinator<br />
Ethio-Organic Seed Action (EOSA)<br />
Tel: +251 11 550 22 88<br />
Mobile: +251 91 1 79 56 22<br />
genenegezu@yahoo.com<br />
shigenene@gmail.com<br />
PO Box 5512<br />
Addis Aababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101031_43156.jpg
  • Farmers watch a new combine demonstration at Husker Harvest Days in Nebraka.  Farmers are intrested in seeing how well the combine gets all the grain, deals with clogging, and handles chaf.
    MM6772_0059.jpg
  • Circles of fresh cut alfalfa follow the patterns of the center pivot irrigation system on a large hay operation near  Garden City, Kansas.  Agricultural production in the area grew up around increased irrigated production of grain and cattle feed.  Now the demands of the cattle industry have outstripped production and the area has become a net importer of cattle feed. Putting up hay in circular pattern because the center pivot leave deep ruts in a circular pattern making it more convenient to cut in a circle.
    Ogalla Aquifer Camera Scans 20220187.jpg
  • Women carry sorghum home from the fields along the road south of Kombulcha, Ethiopia. <br />
<br />
Sorghum is a staple of the food supply here. The grain will be part of dinner tonight and the stalks will be fed to the cattle and other livestock. The long stalks are favored because of the volume of forage the provide. <br />
<br />
<br />
Contact: Genene Gezu<br />
Program Coordinator<br />
Ethio-Organic Seed Action (EOSA)<br />
Tel: +251 11 550 22 88<br />
Mobile: +251 91 1 79 56 22<br />
genenegezu@yahoo.com<br />
shigenene@gmail.com<br />
PO Box 5512<br />
Addis Aababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101101_45097.jpg
  • Stacking oats on the farm of Eshete Girma in the central Shewa region of Ethiopia north of Addis Ababa. The oats are being brought in from the fields on donkeys, then stacked with the grain to the inside of the stack so that it will dry and be protected from rain, before it is threshed. <br />
<br />
Building the stacks is actually a quick affair, taking on half an hour or so.  Seen on top of the stack is Eshete's son and farmer Girma Regassa, directing the operations and building he final cap on the stack. <br />
<br />
The oat variety is an old locally adapted variety called Avena Vaviloviana, named after the famed Russion seed saver N.I. Vavilov who traveled this region in the 1920's doing research and collecting seeds.
    MM7753_20101031_43156.jpg
  • Trampeling wheat for the winnowing process in Ethiopia. The oxen help break down the wheat stalks and loosen the grain in the heads to make the winnowing easier.
    MM8154_20131107_24839.jpg
  • In the village of Garadawa, near Keita, Niger.  One of the villages where the Project Keita has been restoring soil.  Most of the work has been done by the women of the area. Issa Aminatou is winnowing sorghum by pouring the grain and allowing the evening breezed to blow away the chaff.  Her baby is on her back, getting first lessons in where food comes from.
    MM6977_071211_33235.jpg
  • Trampeling wheat for the winnowing process in Ethiopia. The oxen help break down the wheat stalks and loosen the grain in the heads to make the winnowing easier.
    MM8154_20131107_24839 - Version 3.jpg
  • Circles of fresh cut alfalfa follow the patterns of the center pivot irrigation system on a large hay operation near  Garden City, Kansas.  Agricultural production in the area grew up around increased irrigated production of grain and cattle feed.  Now the demands of the cattle industry have outstripped production and the area has become a net importer of cattle feed. Putting up hay in circular pattern because the center pivot leave deep ruts in a circular pattern making it more convenient to cut in a circle.
    Ogalla Aquifer Camera Scans 20220042.jpg
  • Local wheat varieties in test plants at the Ejere Farming Community Seed Bank in Ejere, Ethiopia. It was built by Ethio Organic Seed Action to help farmers regain traditional local varieties of grain that are better adapted to their location. Seed bank members donate seeds and in turn get seeds from the seed bank. Regassa Feyissa with EOSA is one of the founders and promoters of the seed bank and helps the local farmers. <br />
<br />
The big variety of wheat varieties are important to maintaining biodiversity in the crop and because of how different varieties respond to varying climate and weather patterns from year to year.
    MM7753_20101030_42091.jpg
  • Trampeling wheat for the winnowing process in Ethiopia. The oxen help break down the wheat stalks and loosen the grain in the heads to make the winnowing easier.
    MM8154_20131107_24839.jpg
  • Tayitis Mohammed mixes injera out of teff flower and water in her house in Fontanina near Kombulcha in the Wollo region of the Ethiopian highlands. Injera is the staple bread of Ethiopia, which makes teff a valuable grain. Smoke from the kitchen fire made the rays of the setting sun show up brightly in the dark cookng area to the side of the main room of the stick and clay built house. The walls of the house are caulked with teff straw as well.<br />
<br />
The injera batter, a bit runny like pancake batter, is then transfer to the bucket last used to "ferment" the injera for a couple of days, picking up the residual yeasts in the bucket and providing leavening to the bread.<br />
<br />
Contact: Genene Gezu<br />
Program Coordinator<br />
Ethio-Organic Seed Action (EOSA)<br />
Tel: +251 11 550 22 88<br />
Mobile: +251 91 1 79 56 22<br />
genenegezu@yahoo.com<br />
shigenene@gmail.com<br />
PO Box 5512<br />
Addis Aababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101102_46771.jpg
  • Amina Seid farms with her brother in the Fonanina community south of Kombulcha in the Wollo region of Ethipia's highlands. They keep grain in the house as well as in underground storage outside. Her brother is Ahimed Endris.<br />
<br />
Contact: Genene Gezu<br />
Program Coordinator<br />
Ethio-Organic Seed Action (EOSA)<br />
Tel: +251 11 550 22 88<br />
Mobile: +251 91 1 79 56 22<br />
genenegezu@yahoo.com<br />
shigenene@gmail.com<br />
PO Box 5512<br />
Addis Aababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101102_46562.jpg
  • The Ejere Farming Community Seed Bank in Ejere, Ethiopia was built by Ethio Organic Seed Action to help farmers regain traditional local varieties of grain that are better adapted to their location. Seed bank members donate seeds and in turn get seeds from the seed bank. Regassa Feyissa with EOSA is one of the founders and promoters of the seed bank and helps the local farmers. <br />
<br />
The germplasm reserve saves a wide variety of crops that may not be grown every year and acts as a safety net in case of crop failure. <br />
<br />
Farmers seen in the seed bank with Regassa are Taddesse Retta, chair of the Farmer Conservator Association and Eshetu Badada, the treasurer.
    MM7753_20101030_42416.jpg
  • Amina Seid farms with her brother in the Fonanina community south of Kombulcha in the Wollo region of Ethipia's highlands. They keep grain in the house as well as in underground storage outside. Her brother is Ahimed Endris.
    MM7753_20101102_46562.jpg
  • Women carry sorghum home from the fields along the road south of Kombulcha, Ethiopia. <br />
<br />
Sorghum is a staple of the food supply here. The grain will be part of dinner tonight and the stalks will be fed to the cattle and other livestock. The long stalks are favored because of the volume of forage the provide.
    MM7753_20101101_45097.jpg
  • Tayitis Mohammed mixes injera out of teff flower and water in her house in Fontanina near Kombulcha in the Wollo region of the Ethiopian highlands. Injera is the staple bread of Ethiopia, which makes teff a valuable grain. Smoke from the kitchen fire made the rays of the setting sun show up brightly in the dark cookng area to the side of the main room of the stick and clay built house. The walls of the house are caulked with teff straw as well.<br />
<br />
The injera batter, a bit runny like pancake batter, is then transfer to the bucket last used to "ferment" the injera for a couple of days, picking up the residual yeasts in the bucket and providing leavening to the bread.
    MM7753_20101102_46771.jpg
  • Women carry sorghum home from the fields along the road south of Kombulcha, Ethiopia. <br />
<br />
Sorghum is a staple of the food supply here. The grain will be part of dinner tonight and the stalks will be fed to the cattle and other livestock. The long stalks are favored because of the volume of forage the provide.
    MM7753_20101101_45097.jpg
  • Li Kaixin family harvesting rice near Sheng Cun Village in Yuanyang County, Yunan province, China.  The grain is threshed in the field before bagging to carry out.  The stalks are laid out to dry in the terraces.
    MM6977_071020_21402.jpg
  • Li Kaixin family harvesting rice near Sheng Cun Village in Yuanyang County, Yunan province, China.  The grain is threshed in the field before bagging to carry out.  The stalks are laid out to dry in the terraces.
    MM6977_071020_20874.jpg
  • Li Kaixin family harvesting rice near Sheng Cun Village in Yuanyang County, Yunan province, China.  The grain is threshed in the field before bagging to carry out.  The stalks are laid out to dry in the terraces.
    MM6977_071020_21594.jpg
  • Circles of fresh cut alfalfa follow the patterns of the center pivot irrigation system on a large hay operation near  Garden City, Kansas.  Agricultural production in the area grew up around increased irrigated production of grain and cattle feed.  Now the demands of the cattle industry have outstripped production and the area has become a net importer of cattle feed. Putting up hay in circular pattern because the center pivot leave deep ruts in a circular pattern making it more convenient to cut in a circle.
    Ogalla Aquifer Camera Scans 20220185.jpg
  • Cattle feedlots in Kansas bring the cattle closer to the grain that is grown using water from the Ogallala Aquifer. Such Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) can hold over 100,000 amilmals and the ares of southwest Kansas will have several million cattle in feedlots at any one time.
    Cattle Feedlot.jpg
  • Harvesting and stack oats on the farm of Melaku Yifku in the Seriti Village of the Chacha district north of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<br />
<br />
Workers are cutting the oats by hand with sickles, and pile them behind them as they move up the field, singing as they go. Then the bundles are hauled to the stacks where a man on top arranges them so that the grain heads are to the inside of the stack so they will dry and be protected from rain before being threshed. The man on the top of the stack is Nigussu Kissaye.
    MM7753_20101103_47348.jpg
  • Rassama Camara in his sorghum field in the village of Siby, Mali. Sorghum in is a major crop in this dry land area, and ICRISAT works with farmers to introduce new varieties with various traits that will improve production. Besides eating the grain, the plant material is used of cattle fodder and even to make fences.
    MM8154_20131031_22898.jpg
  • Farmers in the Baoshanzhai area of  Yuanyang County, harvest the rice from their terraces, threshing the grain as they go along.  Yunan Province, China.Zhu Minying farms with her family in Yuanyang County, growing rice on the terraced fields in the Baoshanzhai area.
    MM6977_071020_22677.jpg
  • Orreos line the seafront of Combarro near Pontevedra.  Orreos (or horreos) are graneries, unique to Galicia.  Built on stone pillars the flat stones are designed to keep rats and other vermin from getting at the grain.  Orreos are ubiquitous in Galicia, each house having their own.  Now they are an icon and many houses have a decorative orreo in the yard, sometimes even miniature garden versions of no practical use.
    Galicia 20050801 2645.jpg
  • The Ejere Farming Community Seed Bank in Ejere, Ethiopia was built by Ethio Organic Seed Action to help farmers regain traditional local varieties of grain that are better adapted to their location. Seed bank members donate seeds and in turn get seeds from the seed bank. Regassa Feyissa with EOSA is one of the founders and promoters of the seed bank and helps the local farmers. <br />
<br />
The germplasm reserve saves a wide variety of crops that may not be grown every year and acts as a safety net in case of crop failure. <br />
<br />
Farmers seen in the seed bank with Regassa are Taddesse Retta, chair of the Farmer Conservator Association and Eshetu Badada, the treasurer.
    MM7753_20101030_42477.jpg
  • Harvesting sorghum in the Wakoro region of Mali. Sorghum grain heads are collected after the tall stalks have been knocked over, then taken to be threshed and winnowed. <br />
<br />
People seen in these pictures include:<br />
Tiecoura Dembele (man in blue shirt and white cap)<br />
Rachelle Coulibaly<br />
Djenebou Dembele (the girl in blue dress hold sorghum)<br />
Seriba Dembele (the older man holding sorghum heads)<br />
<br />
They have about 30 people in their family farm group and think they grow about 12 tons of sorghum. They will keep 7 tons for family consumption and sell 5 tons on the market.
    MM8154_20131101_23223.jpg
  • Farmers in the Baoshanzhai area of  Yuanyang County, harvest the rice from their terraces, threshing the grain as they go along.  Yunan Province, China.Zhu Minying farms with her family in Yuanyang County, growing rice on the terraced fields in the Baoshanzhai area.
    MM6977_071020_22675.jpg
  • Tayitis Mohammed mixes injera out of teff flower and water in her house in Fontanina near Kombulcha in the Wollo region of the Ethiopian highlands. Injera is the staple bread of Ethiopia, which makes teff a valuable grain. Smoke from the kitchen fire made the rays of the setting sun show up brightly in the dark cookng area to the side of the main room of the stick and clay built house. The walls of the house are caulked with teff straw as well.<br />
<br />
The injera batter, a bit runny like pancake batter, is then transfer to the bucket last used to "ferment" the injera for a couple of days, picking up the residual yeasts in the bucket and providing leavening to the bread.
    MM7753_20101102_46771.jpg
  • Circles of fresh cut alfalfa follow the patterns of the center pivot irrigation system on a large hay operation near  Garden City, Kansas.  Agricultural production in the area grew up around increased irrigated production of grain and cattle feed.  Now the demands of the cattle industry have outstripped production and the area has become a net importer of cattle feed. Putting up hay in circular pattern because the center pivot leave deep ruts in a circular pattern making it more convenient to cut in a circle.
    Ogalla Aquifer Camera Scans 20220148.jpg
  • Circles of fresh cut alfalfa follow the patterns of the center pivot irrigation system on a large hay operation near  Garden City, Kansas.  Agricultural production in the area grew up around increased irrigated production of grain and cattle feed.  Now the demands of the cattle industry have outstripped production and the area has become a net importer of cattle feed. Putting up hay in circular pattern because the center pivot leave deep ruts in a circular pattern making it more convenient to cut in a circle.
    Ogalla Aquifer Camera Scans 20220107.jpg
  • Circles of fresh cut alfalfa follow the patterns of the center pivot irrigation system on a large hay operation near  Garden City, Kansas.  Agricultural production in the area grew up around increased irrigated production of grain and cattle feed.  Now the demands of the cattle industry have outstripped production and the area has become a net importer of cattle feed. Putting up hay in circular pattern because the center pivot leave deep ruts in a circular pattern making it more convenient to cut in a circle.
    Ogalla Aquifer Camera Scans 20220101.jpg
  • Circles of fresh cut alfalfa follow the patterns of the center pivot irrigation system on a large hay operation near  Garden City, Kansas.  Agricultural production in the area grew up around increased irrigated production of grain and cattle feed.  Now the demands of the cattle industry have outstripped production and the area has become a net importer of cattle feed. Putting up hay in circular pattern because the center pivot leave deep ruts in a circular pattern making it more convenient to cut in a circle.
    Ogalla Aquifer Camera Scans 20220100.jpg
  • Farmers watch a new combine demonstration at Husker Harvest Days in Nebraka.  Farmers are intrested in seeing how well the combine gets all the grain, deals with clogging, and handles chaf.
    Ogalla Aquifer Camera Scans 20220065.jpg
  • Li Kaixin family harvesting rice near Sheng Cun Village in Yuanyang County, Yunan province, China.  The grain is threshed in the field before bagging to carry out.  The stalks are laid out to dry in the terraces.
    MM6977_071020_20938.jpg
  • The Ejere Farming Community Seed Bank in Ejere, Ethiopia was built by Ethio Organic Seed Action to help farmers regain traditional local varieties of grain that are better adapted to their location. Seed bank members donate seeds and in turn get seeds from the seed bank. Regassa Feyissa with EOSA is one of the founders and promoters of the seed bank and helps the local farmers. <br />
<br />
The germplasm reserve saves a wide variety of crops that may not be grown every year and acts as a safety net in case of crop failure. <br />
<br />
Farmers seen in the seed bank with Regassa are Taddesse Retta, chair of the Farmer Conservator Association and Eshetu Badada, the treasurer.
    MM7753_20101030_42411.jpg
  • Local wheat varieties in test plants at the Ejere Farming Community Seed Bank in Ejere, Ethiopia. It was built by Ethio Organic Seed Action to help farmers regain traditional local varieties of grain that are better adapted to their location. Seed bank members donate seeds and in turn get seeds from the seed bank. Regassa Feyissa with EOSA is one of the founders and promoters of the seed bank and helps the local farmers. <br />
<br />
The big variety of wheat varieties are important to maintaining biodiversity in the crop and because of how different varieties respond to varying climate and weather patterns from year to year. <br />
<br />
Farmers seen in the seed bank with Regassa include Taddesse Retta, chair of the Farmer Conservator Association and Eshetu Badada, the treasurer.
    MM7753_20101030_42091.jpg
  • Women carry sorghum home from the fields along the road south of Kombulcha, Ethiopia. <br />
<br />
Sorghum is a staple of the food supply here. The grain will be part of dinner tonight and the stalks will be fed to the cattle and other livestock. The long stalks are favored because of the volume of forage the provide.
    MM7753_20101101_45001.jpg
  • Li Kaixin family harvesting rice near Sheng Cun Village in Yuanyang County, Yunan province, China.  The grain is threshed in the field before bagging to carry out.  The stalks are laid out to dry in the terraces.
    MM6977_071020_20938.jpg
  • Rassama Camara in his sorghum field in the village of Siby, Mali. Sorghum in is a major crop in this dry land area, and ICRISAT works with farmers to introduce new varieties with various traits that will improve production. Besides eating the grain, the plant material is used of cattle fodder and even to make fences.
    MM8154_20131031_22898 - Version 2.jpg
  • Local wheat varieties in test plants at the Ejere Farming Community Seed Bank in Ejere, Ethiopia. It was built by Ethio Organic Seed Action to help farmers regain traditional local varieties of grain that are better adapted to their location. Seed bank members donate seeds and in turn get seeds from the seed bank. Regassa Feyissa with EOSA is one of the founders and promoters of the seed bank and helps the local farmers. <br />
<br />
The big variety of wheat varieties are important to maintaining biodiversity in the crop and because of how different varieties respond to varying climate and weather patterns from year to year. <br />
<br />
Farmers seen in the seed bank with Regassa include Taddesse Retta, chair of the Farmer Conservator Association and Eshetu Badada, the treasurer. <br />
<br />
<br />
Contact:  Regassa Feyissa<br />
Ethio Organic Seed Action (EOSA)<br />
eosa1@ethionet.et<br />
reg_fey@hotmail.com<br />
Tel: +251 11 5 50 22 88<br />
Mobile: +251 911 24 83 40<br />
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    MM7753_20101030_42091.jpg
  • Turning the malted barley at Laphroaig Distillery, Isle of Islay, Scotland
    SC-0074 Laphroig Maltings.jpg
  • Seed from the Kew Millennium Seed Bank collection at Wakehurst, outside London in the UK.     <br />
Acacia auriculiformis (Fabaceae), commonly known as Auri, Earleaf acacia, Earpod wattle, Northern black wattle, Papuan wattle, Tan wattle, is a fast-growing, crooked, gnarly and thorny tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. It grows up to 30m tall. Acacia auriculiformis has about 47 000 seeds/kg. This plant is raised as an ornamental plant, as a shade tree and it is also raised on plantations for fuelwood throughout southeast Asia Oceana and in Sudan. Its wood is good for making paper, furniture and tools. It contains tannin useful in animal hide tanning. [from Wikipedia; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_auriculiformis]<br />
interesting weblinks:<br />
http://www.naturia.per.sg/buloh/plants/acacia.htm<br />
http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=10: Products: Fodder: Not widely used as fodder, but in India 1-year-old plantations are browsed by cattle. Apiculture: The flowers are a source of pollen for honey production. Fuel: A major source of firewood, its dense wood and high energy (calorific value of 4500-4900 kcal/kg) contribute to its popularity. It provides very good charcoal that glows well with little smoke and does not spark. Fibre: The wood is extensively used for paper pulp. Plantation-grown trees have been found promising for the production of unbleached kraft pulp and high-quality, neutral, sulphite semi-chemical pulp. Large-scale plantations have already been established, as in Kerala, India, for the production of pulp. Timber: The sapwood is yellow; the heartwood light brown to dark red, straight grained and reasonably durable. The wood has a high basic density (500-650 kg/m³), is fine-grained, often attractively figured and finishes well. It is excellent for turnery articles, toys, carom coins, chessmen and handicrafts. Also used for furniture, joinery, tool handles, and f
    MM7753_2010-07-23_11910.jpg
  • Inside the seed bank rooms at the USDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station in Ames, Iowa.<br />
<br />
Seeds are stored at low temperatures and low humidity to keep the viable for a longer time. The Ames facility focuses on corn, as well as sunflowers and other grains.
    MM7753_2010-08-06_32016.jpg